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What’s the difference between counselling, psychotherapy, social work & psychology?

Strictly speaking, the different professions of counselling, psychotherapy, social work and psychology differ in their fundamental philosophy and therefore the theories and methods taught and utilised to assist people who seek their help. I have set out a simple explanation of these differences below. However, whilst the origins and philosophical underpinnings of, and the training in, each of these helping professions is distinct, practitioners in these professions frequently borrow from the other professions to complement and enhance their work with clients. Naturally the way in which those within a single profession practice differs from practitioner to practitioner, in the techniques they use, and the way in which they interact with clients. Also, within each of the professions, practitioners often specialise in a specific field and/or in using a particular method or theory.

Counselling is an exploration of themes and issues of significance to the client. Through talk and expressive therapies the client typically gains insight into, integration of and/or relief from these themes and issues. In addition, counselling can lead to clients resolving problems, deciding on a course of action and developing attitudes of mind which have them feeling better in themselves and in their lives. Counselling is based firmly in the relationship between the client and the practitioner, and in exploration of issues and themes through focussed dialogue and expressive therapies.

Psychotherapy delves into troubling underlying mental and emotional states and traits. Psychotherapeutic methods are used to investigate the nature and history of these states and traits, and to find ways of lessening the unpleasant impact of them over time. Psychotherapy often requires regular sessions over a period of time.

Social Work broadly sees social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people as its core business. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledges, social work engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing AASW web page

Psychology is a science, underpinned by methods developed from scientific studies, experiments, observation and research. Psychological methods aim to describe, explain, predict and control or change behaviours and thoughts. These include cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness, relaxation. They are typically used to treat psychiatric or mental health and other conditions to change thought and behaviour patterns.

All of these professions seek to enhance the overall wellbeing of those seeking help from them.